![]() FCG rate curves in hydrogen (solid lines) versus air (dashed lines). A vital part of the process was a series of meetings conducted with the pipeline operator, systematically identifying and ranking the importance of various phenomena that could adversely affect the safety and reliability of energy transportation through the operator’s existing transmission pipeline system.įigure 1. To ensure a thorough and accurate PIRT was completed, a panel consisting of experts in metallurgy, fracture mechanics, hydrogen effects on steel properties, and pipeline operations was assembled. Implementing a joint industry project (JIP) to adapt SI’s APTITUDE software tool for evaluating predicted failure pressure (PFP) and remaining life resulting from SCC and FCG in a hydrogen blend environment.Īs part of a systemwide evaluation for one of our clients, a large North American Pipeline Operator, a critical threat review using a PIRT process was conducted to comprehensively understand the potential impact of hydrogen blending on steel natural gas transmission pipeline integrity.Analyzing the impact of FCG and hydrogen embrittlement on the probability of rupture (POR) due to key threats such as stress corrosion cracking (SCC), longitudinal seam weld defects, and hard spots.Developing a statistical model for evaluating reduced fracture resistance (hydrogen embrittlement). ![]() Developing a statistical model for evaluating accelerated fatigue crack growth (FCG) in a hydrogen blend environment.Completing a critical threat review using a phenomena identification and ranking table (PIRT) process with a team of experts. ![]() These pilot programs demonstrate the commitment of energy companies to facilitate environmentally responsible energy production and consumption while identifying and investigating potential challenges to pipeline safety and integrity associated with hydrogen blending. Energy companies are pursuing strategic pilot programs to evaluate the capacity of their natural gas transmission and distribution pipeline systems to safely transport blends of natural gas and hydrogen. Recent advances in technology for clean hydrogen production, as well as renewed governmental and organizational commitments to clean energy, have intensified interest in utilizing the existing natural gas pipeline infrastructure to transport hydrogen from production sites to end users. Hydrogen is widely recognized as a viable, clean alternative energy carrier. Structural Integrity Associates is focused on evaluating the impact of hydrogen blending on pipeline integrity and establishing a roadmap for our clients to maintain the safety and integrity of their aging natural gas steel transmission pipelines. Our findings provide a fundamental understanding of the ion-mediated structural responsiveness of DNA origami at the nanoscale enabling applications under a wide range of ionic conditions.By: Scott Riccardella, Owen Malinowski & Dr. This reconfigurability occurs in an ion type- and concentration-specific manner. Moreover, we found that poorly assembled nanostructures at low ion concentrations undergo substantial self-repair upon ion addition in the absence of free staple strands. We then manipulated fully folded constructs by exposing them to unfavorable ionic conditions that led to the emergence of substantial disintegrity but not to unfolding. We determined the conditions for highly efficient DNA origami folding in the presence of several mono- (Li +, Na +, K +, Cs +) and divalent (Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba 2+) ions, expanding the range where DNA origami structures can be exploited for custom-specific applications. Using atomic force microscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectroscopy down to the single-molecule level, we report on the global and local structural performance and responsiveness of DNA origami constructs following self-assembly, upon post-assembly ion exchange and post-assembly ion-mediated reconfiguration. Here, we harness a wide range of mono- and divalent ions to control the structural features of DNA origami constructs. However, the ion–DNA interplay and the resulting ion-specific structural integrity and responsiveness of DNA constructs are underexploited. Electrostatic screening of the negative charges of nucleic acids is essential for their folding and stability thus, ions play a critical role in nucleic acid self-assembly in both biology and nanotechnology. ![]() Nucleic acid-based biomolecular self-assembly enables the creation of versatile functional architectures.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |